What to say when: Accumulated information

Here's some information concerning prayers and other rituals that I've picked up, and written down, over the years in an attempt to allay my own confusion. Perhaps it'll help some of my readers, as well, particularly the notes (toward the end) about Hoshannah Rabbah, which is tomorrow. Please pardon my usual formatting problems, probably caused by the fact that this entire post was copied from a Word file.

Service, Yamim Noraim, Shalosh Regalim, etc. information

• Yaaleh V'Yavo is for all major holidays, including Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur in addition to the Shalosh R’galim (Yom Tov and Chol HaMoed) and Rosh Chodesh. October 2, 2008 update: Yaaleh v’Yavo is said during the Amidah of not only Shacharit, but also of Minchah and Arvit/Maariv.
• October 2, 2008 update: The Malchuyot, Zichronot, and Shofarot sections of the Musaf Amidah are recited on Rosh HaShanah only (not on Yom Kippur). Mnemonic device for remembering the correct order: HaMelech Zocher et haShofar (The King Remembers the Shofar).
• October 18, 2011 update: Yom Kippur’s “Long” Vidui/Confessional (“Ah Chet”) is recited for the last time during Minchah. Only the “Short” Vidui/Confessional (“Ashamnu”) is recited during Neilah.
• October 18, 2011 update: The Neilah Service includes not only a full Amidah prayer, but also a Chazarat HaShaTz (repetition of the Amidah by the ShaTz/Shaliach Tzibbur/Representative of the Congregation/Prayer Leader). I can’t think of any logical halachic reason for even reciting the Amidah at Neilah, much less repeating it, since there was no sacrifice at that time of day, but I can think of a good logistical one—it’s a great time-killer, which is necessary in order to delay end of the service until well after sunset, when one is permitted to blow the shofar. [Larry Lennhoff has a better explanation--see his first comment.]
• Amidah for Rosh Chodesh and Chol HaMoed:
  Shacharit (and Mincha)—regular weekday or Shabbat version, to which one adds Yaaleh V’Yavo.
  Musaf—Rosh Chodesh or Shalosh R’galim version (each of which includes Shabbat additions).
• October 22, 2008 update: Hallel for Chanukah and Sukkot, including Chol HaMoed Sukkot, is always Full Hallel—there’s never a Half-Hallel during Sukkot or Chanukah. September 18, 2009 update: Hallel is not recited on the Yamim Noraim.
• Aliyot
  Shabbat:
  If Rosh Chodesh, any of the Yamim Noraim, or any of the Shalosh R’galim, including Chol HaMoed, fall on Shabbat, they always have the 7 aliyot that are standard on Shabbat.
  Weekdays:
  Rosh Chodesh and Chol HaMoed—4;
  Shalosh R’galim and Rosh HaShanah—5;
  Yom Kippur—6.
• October 2, 2008 update: Tashlich is recited on the first day of Rosh HaShanah (if possible), unless the first day falls on Shabbat (in which case it’s delayed until the second day).
• October 18, 2011 update: I think I overhead Punster [my husband] confirming with Cantor X that the Hoshanot of Sukkot and Hoshana Rabbah can only be recited if one has a minyan.
• The 1st reading for the 1st 2 days of the Shalosh R'galim is from Emor (leave the corners of the field for the poor; commandments re lulav and etrog, sukkah, etc.)
• According to a co-worker, it’s assur/prohited for a Jew (in her community, this probably refers to men only) to eat anything other than “shehakol” outside of a sukkah during Sukkot. Punster tells me that one of his frummer colleagues from his job-of-30-years days would simply not eat at all if there were no sukkah available. Talk about 2 halachot canceling each other out, how on earth can you possible “rejoice in your festival” (see below) when you’re fasting, and isn’t it assur to fast on a Yom Tov? October 22, 2008 update: Rabbi X says that one is forbidden to eat only bread and mezonot (including rice, I’ve heard) outside of a sukkah during Sukkot. That sounds reasonable to me. (Note to self: Stock up on corn (fresh or frozen), corn thins, corn chips/and/or mezonot-free corn tortillas, and on potatoes and/or potato chips.) He also says that one is permitted to eat outside of a sukkah if one’s health would be harmed by eating therein. This is of particular relevance for seniors during cold weather. I think he said that one may eat indoors in rainy weather.
• The 1st reading for Sh’mini Atzeret is from R’eh (“V’samachta b’chagecha…/rejoice in your festival . . .”).
• October 22, 2008 update: The order of the end of the weekday Shacharit/Morning Service from Rosh Chodesh Elul through Hoshanah Rabbah is
  Aleinu
  Kaddish Yatom/Mourner’s Kaddish
  Shir shel Yom/Psalm of the Day
  Kaddish Yatom/Mourner’s Kaddish
  L’David, HaShem Ori v’Yish’i
  Kaddish Yatom/Mourner’s Kaddish

And now for something completely different: HOSHANA RABBAH
In addition to doing seven Hoshanot, as opposed to the usual one Hoshana, and beating the aravot/willows:

• We use the the Shabbat and Yom Tov version of P’suké D’zimra, rather than the weekday (Chol) version.
• We use the Shabbat and Yom Tov version of Seder Hotzaat HaTorah, rather than the weekday (Chol) version.
• We recite “Adoshem, adoshem kél rachum v’chanun” as we do on Yom Tov, rather than omitting it as we would usually do during Chol HaMoed. October 2, 2008 update: I think this prayer is only recited if there’s a minyan.
• During Seder Hotzaat haTorah, we recite “kadosh V’NORAH sh’mo.”
• The baal tefillah wears a kittel during Musaf.
• We recite the Musaf K’dushah for Yom Tov, not the one for Chol haMoed.
• We sing Ein Kelokénu and Adon Olam. (Is this an optional minhag?)
• Some have the minhag to recite HaShem Ori V’Yishi for the last time of that Yamim Noraim season at the Shacharit of Hoshana Rabbah. I don’t know what the alternate custom is. October 2, 2008 update: I think the alternative custom is to recite HaShem Ori V’Yishi for the last time of that Yamim Noraim season at the Shacharit of Shemini Atzeret.

I have heard people wish one another a “good kvittle.” Even Rabbi X doesn’t know what that means. I guess I’ll just have to swallow the old pride—time to admit to ignorance and ask. October 2, 2008 update: I’ve heard that a kvittle is what some people call those little notes that one leaves in the cracks of the Kotel, or, for those who believe in doing such a thing, at the grave of a tzaddik—personally, I’m not fond of the custom of asking the dead to intervene for me in heaven, since I think that praying through the dead, as it were, is a bit pagan.)